利用CRISPR/Ca9技术靶向编辑芥蓝BoaZDS

以芥蓝(Brassicaoleraceavar.alboglabra)为材料,以ζ–胡萝卜素脱氢酶(ζ-Carotene desaturase,ZDS)基因为目标基因,建立其CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑体系。在BoaZDS的编码区近5′端选择靶位点,构建了CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法获得了19个芥蓝转基因阳性植株,Sanger测序分析发现其中13株成功突变,CRISPR/Cas9载体在芥蓝上的突变效率为68.42%,且所有突变植株均表现出明显的白化表型。     

中草药与苯扎溴铵联用治疗车轮虫病的案例分析

车轮虫病是鱼类重要的常见纤毛虫病。近年来,对传统化学药物耐药的车轮虫和小车轮虫越来越多。本文介绍了复方中草药联合苯扎溴铵治疗河鲀、黄颡鱼和草鱼车轮虫病的典型案例,以期为类似病例治疗提供参考。     

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.     

复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝模拟贮运期间品质的影响

研究大黄与五倍子复合涂膜保鲜剂涂膜对番荔枝模拟贮运期间贮藏品质的影响，明确该保鲜剂的保鲜效果。将保鲜剂涂膜的番荔枝作为处理组、未涂膜的果实作为对照(CK)，分别置于加冰的泡沫箱中贮藏20 h模拟当地贮运技术，之后开箱放置于常温下贮藏，考察复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝感官品质及其生理生化的影响。结果表明，与CK组比较，经涂膜处理后番荔枝果实的裂果、烂果、霉果和失重情况明显改善,褐变指数和乙烯释放量显著降低；有效延缓了果实软化，延迟了呼吸高峰第1次出现的时间，抑制呼吸高峰的第2次出现， 可显著降低淀粉酶活性、减缓淀粉转化为可溶性固形物的速度。该保鲜剂可有效延缓番荔枝模拟贮运期间果实的衰老，起到较为理想的保鲜效果。     

靖州杨梅引种试验与表型聚类分析

以靖州的传统品种木洞光叶和木洞大叶杨梅为对照,比较引进的早佳、早荠蜜梅、晚荠蜜梅、黑晶、荸荠种、东魁6个品种的叶片形态、果实品质、成熟期等主要农艺性状,并对品种叶片和果实表型性状进行聚类分析。结果表明,早佳与木洞光叶杨梅聚为一类,但早佳成熟期提早约7 d,表现出较好的早熟特性,具有极好的推广应用前景;荸荠种具有核小、可食率高等特点,在靖州表现出良好的适应性;东魁果大、商品性佳,其株产和售价是当地传统品种的1.96~1.98倍和2.67~3.48倍,栽培经济效益显著。     

中国饲料经济现状与营销模式转变之探

随着关键词结构性改革政策的不断推进，以及我国环保压力的不断增强，饲料行业面临着前所未有的挑战。本文以我国饲料行业为研究对象，进一步分析当前我国饲料行业的经济现状，深度挖掘目前行业的发展情况、市场宏观环境和政策背景等，并对比我国饲料行业与其他国家饲料行业的发展情况，得出目前我国饲料行业的发展困境。营销模式是企业经营发展的重点内容，高效、低成本的营销将为企业创造更大的收益，带来稳定的客源，可以说饲料企业的经济发展离不开良好的营销支持。但随着社会环境、技术发展的转变，饲料企业原有的营销模式已不能满足目前的市场环境，企业急需转变营销模式。因此，本文基于我国饲料行业的发展现状和营销模式的发展趋势提出饲料企业的营销模式转变路径，为我国饲料行业发展提供参考。 [关键词]中国饲料|经济现状|营销模式|转变     

中国茶向世界传播的途径与方式

中国是茶的原产地。现在茶树、茶客遍布世界,世界上有关茶的语音、种茶知识、制茶方法、品茶技艺、饮茶风俗及茶文化都与中国关系密切,茶树也直接或间接由中国引种。这一局面的产生是中国茶向世界传播的结果。千余年来,中国茶借助文化交流、经贸活动、人口迁徙等途径向世界传播,传播途径具有立体性、多样性、复杂性等特点,宗教人员、外交人员、经贸商人、移民侨民成为茶传播的主体。与此相适应,中国茶向世界传播的方式主要有知识方式、消费方式、产业方式,传播方式呈现直接传播、间接传播、综合传播相结合,反映了茶叶传播循序发展的递进过程。     

广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征探析

广州近代城市公园设计精巧,风格独特,在岭南造园史上具有重要地位。结合历史图文资料,运用风景园林史学和风景园林美学相结合的研究方法,归纳分析其造园特征。广州近代城市公园的中西合璧特征主要体现在3个方面:因地制宜的空间布局、中西融合的建筑小品、多姿多彩的植物景观。探析其中西合璧特征,有利于丰富岭南近代园林历史与理论研究,推进对广州近代城市公园的保护与造园智慧的传承。     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.